The Ultimate Guide To Sleep Hygiene

Long Story Short

Sleep hygiene refers to the behaviors and habits that promote a good night’s sleep. These habits reduce the likelihood of sleep disturbance and deprivation, which supports overall health and wellness.
Helpful sleep hygiene habits include a regular wake up time, a cozy sleeping space, and daytime exercise.
If these feel overwhelming, start small and pick one — you can always add more on later.
One in three adults in the US say they don’t get enough sleep every day. (1)
People with poor sleep hygiene experience 20 percent more sleep disturbance and 10 percent more daytime sleepiness than those who do not (2)
Sleep deprivation as a result of poor sleep can contribute to health conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, dementia, depression, anxiety and obesity. (1)

How well do you set yourself up for successful sleep? If you’ve never heard of sleep hygiene, the term might sound odd. But having good sleep hygiene has nothing to do with keeping you clean. Sleep hygiene describes lifestyle choices that promote quality sleep.

When you know how to do it, you may notice you not only fall asleep quicker, but you sleep better, keeping you awake all day long. It’s not magic — anyone can do it! Below, we’ll lay out everything you need to know about sleep hygiene and how to use it for your best sleep ever.

Note: The content on Sleepopolis is meant to be informative in nature, but it shouldn’t be taken as medical advice, and it shouldn’t take the place of medical advice and supervision from a trained professional. If you feel you may be suffering from any sleep disorder or medical condition, please see your healthcare provider immediately.

What Is Sleep Hygiene?

Sleep hygiene encompasses behaviors and practices throughout our day that influence how we sleep, says Chester Wu, M.D., sleep medicine physician in Houston, TX. (2) “However, Throughout the day, our exposure to natural light, physical activity, stress management, and even the food we eat set the stage for our sleep that night, says Wu. For example, eating a heavy meal or chugging a caffeinated beverage too close to bedtime can put some annoying sleep barriers in place. (2)

“[But] good sleep hygiene…is much more than pre-bedtime rituals; it’s about maintaining a lifestyle throughout the day that supports healthy sleep and therefore your overall health and wellbeing,” says Wu. Below, we’ll get into exactly how you can incorporate excellent sleep hygiene habits into your lifestyle to set you up for your best sleep ever.

Why Is Sleep Hygiene Important?

Sleep hygiene is important because it boosts your sleep quality, helps you fall asleep faster, and keeps you sleeping longer — all essential components of maximum mental and physical health. (2)

Sleep hygiene helps you get the recommended seven to nine hours of slumber each night, and when you sleep, your body accomplishes a lot of important tasks. (3)

Important physiological processes during sleep include: (3)

Healing damaged tissue
Giving your heart a rest by lowering blood pressure and heart rate
Generating hormones
Regulating the metabolism
Boosting immunity
Solidifying memories

When your sleep isn’t up to snuff, your body can’t get everything done, and your physical and mental health can take a dip. (4) If this sounds like you, there’s no need to panic — we’re going to tell you how to boost your sleep hygiene game and upgrade your sleep for maximum health while making sure you can pick out your own poor sleep hygiene red flags.

Poor Sleep Hygiene

As you can probably imagine, poor sleep hygiene habits involve lifestyle choices that are counterintuitive to good sleep. One study found that people who had problems sleeping had a lot more poor sleep hygiene habits than people who were sleeping great. (2) Here are some sneaky sleep hygiene habits that can creep back into your life:

Snagging an alcoholic beverage before bed
Chaotic sleep schedules
Late afternoon or evening caffeine
Nighttime exercise
Sleeping in a noisy, bright bedroom

Life is busy, and setting the stage for good sleep can feel complicated. But nix as many of these as you can and you’ll likely enjoy your best rest yet.

How to Practice Good Sleep Hygiene

The list below may feel overwhelming, but you don’t have to jump into them all right away. Each aspect of sleep hygiene can mean a lifestyle adjustment, and that’s a big deal! But with each small change you make, you’re setting yourself up for better rest, which can mean better days ahead. Pick one or two and dip your toe into good sleep hygiene.

Establish A Regular Sleep Schedule

“Our bodies thrive on consistency,” says Wu. When you go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day (yes, even on weekends!), your circadian rhythm, or internal clock, knows when to help you get sleepy or start the wakeup process. (5)

For some, this one may be a no-brainer, while for others, it might sound like a real bummer. But here’s the deal: when you hit the sheets at 9 p.m. on some nights, and 1 a.m. on others, your circadian rhythm gets all turned around, which can affect just about every system in your body. (5)

To keep your sleep on a schedule, you can try:

Setting an alarm for bedtime and wake time
Following the same bedtime routine every night
Winding down before bed using meditation, deep breathing, or reading a book (7) (8) (9)

Create a bedtime routine

Good sleep loves having a pattern to follow. If you can give yourself plenty of cues that sleep is imminent, your brain will have an easier time preparing you for some Zzz’s. (7) Your sleep routine may look like getting ready for bed: brushing and flossing, cleaning your face, putting on pajamas, and crawling under the covers.

It can also include anything that sounds soothing to you, like a warm bath, reading a book with relaxing music in the background, or doing deep breathing exercises in bed. Just be sure to keep it consistent — of course, if you are being consistent and finding something isn’t working, feel free to switch it up for something you find more enjoyable/relaxing.

Consider Skipping Naps

Naps: friend or foe? It’s tricky… Naps can mess with your nightly sleep if they’re not done right. For example, a long nap late in the day can make you stay up later and get less sleep that night. (10)

But Wu says naps aren’t automatically the enemy. “Unless you suffer from insomnia, you don’t need to avoid naps; you just need to time them correctly.” Wu recommends keeping your naps in the shorter “catnap” variety (about 20 minutes) and try not to nap past mid-afternoon.

“Naps can actually be beneficial — helping you make up for lost sleep and boosting alertness and mood,” Wu adds. If you notice your napping takes away from your nocturnal snoozing, you can try to shorten them or take them earlier in the day.

Avoid Caffeine and Alcohol Before Bed

Even though they have somewhat opposite effects, both alcohol and caffeine can interfere with a good nights’ sleep. (11) (12) While alcohol can make you feel sleepy at first, it ends up disturbing your sleep later in the night, says Wu. “A general rule of thumb is abstaining at least 3-4 hours before bed, but research shows upwards of 6 hours may be better.”

Caffeine, on the other hand, works as a stimulant in your body. If you eat or drink anything full of it (like coffee, soda, or chocolate) too late in the day, it can make falling asleep harder, and then disturb your quality of sleep through the night, says Wu. “Caffeine can last in your system far longer than most of us realize — even upwards of 12 hours — so abstaining after mid-morning is [your best] bet for better sleep,” he says.

Everyone’s body reacts a bit differently to caffeine, so you can experiment a bit to find your optimal cutoff time. (11)

Optimize Your Sleeping Space

Your sleeping space or bedroom can make or break your sleep. Loud noises, too-much light, and uncomfortable temperatures can wake you up all night long. (13) (14) (15) A truly inviting sleep space should be dark, quiet, and cool, says Wu.

If you live in an overly-lit area, a loud city environment, or have young kids, curating your perfect sleep oasis may feel nearly impossible. But a few simple life hacks and purchases can cozy up your bedroom in no time:

Invest in a comfortable mattress and bedding.
For bright bedrooms, try blackout curtains or a sleep mask.
Tape over those annoying electronic dots on your TV, air purifier, or phone charger.
Set your thermostat between 66 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit — we sleep better in a cool room. (16)
If you expect loud noises like traffic, car alarms, or a partner’s snores, try playing white noise and wearing earplugs.

Steer Clear of Pre-Bed Electronic Use

Not only does the content on your screens get addictive and keep you up too late, the artificial light they put out can confuse your circadian rhythm and make it hard to fall asleep — even after you put the phone down or turn off your TV. (17) (13)

If you get plenty of natural light during the day, your nighttime electronic light may not bother you as much, but the content hitting your brain can still hype you up too much to sleep, says Wu. “Opt for a relaxing, potentially electronics-free wind-down routine, and a bedtime alarm to make sure you get enough sleep.”

Reserve Your Bed for Sleep and Sex

When possible, try to keep your bed reserved for sleeping and sex only. If you hang out in your bed throughout the day or evening, by the time you lie down to fall asleep, your body won’t get the sleepy-time cue as easily.

This is especially true for people who have anxiety about their sleeping troubles, says Wu. “This is because we’re very good at making associations between our environment and our behaviors. If you associate your bed with a place you’re awake and worrying, it may very well become a place where you’re awake and worrying far more than you’d like!”

If you can stay away from midday-bed hangouts (or bed rotting, as the social media savvy may call it), by the time you collapse onto that mattress for the night, your body should get the memo that it’s time to go to sleep.

Get Moving

The more you can squeeze in physical activity during the day, the better you’ll sleep at night. (18) Exercise helps you sleep by releasing endorphins — hormones that lower stress and anxiety — and help you relax at bedtime. It also helps regulate your circadian rhythm and tells your body to release brain messengers like serotonin and norepinephrine, which can boost your mood and also help you chill out. (18)

The type and timing of exercise are important for good sleep, and experts say moderate-intensity exercise works the best. (18) Moderate-intensity exercise increases your heart rate and makes you sweat. You can tell you’re in the heart-rate sweet spot if you can talk, but not sing. (19) Some good options for this exercise level are: (19)

Fast walking
Water aerobics
Riding a bike on mostly level ground
Pushing a lawn mower

Try to exercise in the morning or afternoon — physical activity too close to bedtime (about an hour) can lower your sleep quality. (18) But beyond that, go for it!

Watch When You Eat

What and when you eat can get in the way of a solid night’s rest. It takes time for your body to digest food, says Wu. Eating two to three hours before bed can lead to indigestion, especially with large or heavy meals. (20) The type of food you eat can make a difference too, Wu says. “[Meals] high in fat or sugar may also prolong digestion and impact the quality of your sleep.” If you feel super hungry right before bed, stick with a small, healthy (or even sleep-promoting) snack.

Get Out of Bed if You Aren’t Tired

Let’s say it’s one of those nights and you can’t fall asleep. You may be tempted to stick it out, but after about 20 minutes, go ahead and get up. (7)Unfortunately, we can’t just tell our bodies to fall asleep, and it’s better not to let your brain link your bed with sleeplessness, says Wu. (21) You can get up and read quietly for a while, or do some of your wind-down activities (meditation and deep breathing) to reset for another attempt. Try to avoid tuning into your phone and TV, though — the blue light from these devices can actually make it harder to sleep. (22)

Other Sleep Hygiene Tips

Some other sleep hygiene habits you can try include: (2) (13)

Get out in natural light during the day.
Avoid smoking.
Try setting an alarm for going to bed as well as waking up.
Avoid naps, especially in the afternoon or later.
Use calming scents like lavender in your sleeping area. (23)
Dim your lights in the evening.
Try gentle yoga stretches or progressive muscle relaxation. (24)
Journal during the day to address any thoughts or worries that may otherwise bombard you in bed. (25) (26)

As you experiment with different sleep hygiene lifestyle changes, you’ll find your perfect combination.

The Last Word From Sleepopolis

Sleep hygiene involves some big changes, and it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. Remember, you don’t have to upend your life and put each of these into practice at once. Pick one or two that sound doable and start there. Once those feel old-hat, you can add on a few more. Once you’re sleeping better, you won’t miss your poor sleep hygiene habits at all.

Sources

Sleep Deprivation – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. Accessed October 4, 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547676/
Alanazi EM, Alanazi AMM, Albuhairy AH, Alanazi AAA. Sleep Hygiene Practices and Its Impact on Mental Health and Functional Performance Among Adults in Tabuk City: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus. Published online March 16, 2023. doi:10.7759/cureus.36221
How Sleep Works – Why Is Sleep Important? | NHLBI, NIH. Accessed September 14, 2023. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep/why-sleep-important
Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency – What Are Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency? | NHLBI, NIH. Accessed November 4, 2023. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/sleep-deprivation
Markwald RR, Iftikhar I, Youngstedt SD. BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES, INCLUDING EXERCISE, FOR ADDRESSING INSOMNIA. ACSM’s Health & Fitness Journal. 2018;22(2):23. doi:10.1249/FIT.0000000000000375
Physiology, Circadian Rhythm – StatPearls – NCBI Bookshelf. Accessed January 14, 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519507/
Espie CA. The ‘5 principles’ of good sleep health. Journal of Sleep Research. 2022;31(3):e13502. doi:10.1111/jsr.13502
Barrett B, Harden CM, Brown RL, Coe CL, Irwin MR. Mindfulness meditation and exercise both improve sleep quality: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of community dwelling adults. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation. 2020;6(6):804-813. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.003
Laborde S, Hosang T, Mosley E, Dosseville F. Influence of a 30-Day Slow-Paced Breathing Intervention Compared to Social Media Use on Subjective Sleep Quality and Cardiac Vagal Activity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019;8(2):193. doi:10.3390/jcm8020193
Rea EM, Nicholson LM, Mead MP, Egbert AH, Bohnert AM. Daily relations between nap occurrence, duration, and timing and nocturnal sleep patterns in college students. Sleep Health. 2022;8(4):356-363. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.05.002
Gardiner C, Weakley J, Burke LM, et al. The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2023;69:101764. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101764
He S, Hasler BP, Chakravorty S. Alcohol and sleep-related problems. Current Opinion in Psychology. 2019;30:117-122. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.03.007
Blume C, Garbazza C, Spitschan M. Effects of light on human circadian rhythms, sleep and mood. Somnologie. 2019;23(3):147-156. doi:10.1007/s11818-019-00215-x
Cao T, Lian Z, Ma S, Bao J. Thermal comfort and sleep quality under temperature, relative humidity and illuminance in sleep environment. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021;43:102575. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102575
Smith MG, Cordoza M, Basner M. Environmental Noise and Effects on Sleep: An Update to the WHO Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2022;130(7):076001. doi:10.1289/EHP10197
Harding EC, Franks NP, Wisden W. The Temperature Dependence of Sleep. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2019;13. Accessed December 10, 2023. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2019.00336
Nakshine VS, Thute P, Khatib MN, Sarkar B. Increased Screen Time as a Cause of Declining Physical, Psychological Health, and Sleep Patterns: A Literary Review. Cureus. Published online October 8, 2022. doi:10.7759/cureus.30051
Alnawwar MA, Alraddadi MI, Algethmi RA, Salem GA, Salem MA, Alharbi AA. The Effect of Physical Activity on Sleep Quality and Sleep Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cureus. Published online August 16, 2023. doi:10.7759/cureus.43595
Adding Physical Activity as an Adult | Physical Activity Basics | CDC. Accessed August 6, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/adding-adults/index.html
Iao SI, Jansen E, Shedden K, et al. Associations between bedtime eating or drinking, sleep duration and wake after sleep onset: findings from the American time use survey. British Journal of Nutrition. 2022;127(12):1888-1897. doi:10.1017/S0007114521003597
Can’t sleep? Do this, not that! – Sleep Education. Accessed March 16, 2024. https://sleepeducation.org/cant-sleep-do-this-not-that/
Silvani MI, Werder R, Perret C. The influence of blue light on sleep, performance and wellbeing in young adults: A systematic review. Front Physiol. 2022;13:943108. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.943108
Chen TY, Hiyama A, Muramatsu M, Hinotsu A. The Effect of Lavender on Sleep Quality in Individuals Without Insomnia: A Systematic Review. Holist Nurs Pract. 2022;36(4):223-231. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000528
Turmel D, Carlier S, Bruyneel AV, Bruyneel M. Tailored individual Yoga practice improves sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression in chronic insomnia disorder. BMC Psychiatry. 2022;22:267. doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03936-w
Scullin MK, Krueger ML, Ballard HK, Pruett N, Bliwise DL. The Effects of Bedtime Writing on Difficulty Falling Asleep: A Polysomnographic Study Comparing To-Do Lists and Completed Activity Lists. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018;147(1):139-146. doi:10.1037/xge0000374
Johnson D. A good night’s sleep: Three strategies to rest, relax and restore energy. Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice. 2023;30:100591. doi:10.1016/j.xjep.2022.100591

Wu, Chester. Personal Interview. March 11, 2024.